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What are the main uses of 2,3,4,5-tetrafluorobenzonitrile?
2,3,4,5-Tetrafluorobenzonitrile is a rare product among fluorine rings. It has four fluorine elements and one nitrile group on the benzene nucleus. It is very stable, corrosion-resistant, heat-resistant, and has a good affinity. It is suitable for fine chemistry.
First, it is a drug intermediate: its benzene ring and nitrile group are easy to be the hub of subsequent transformation, which can lead to the generation of many types of drug active groups, or be used as antibacterial, anti-tumor and other lead compounds, with excellent effects.
Second, it is a pesticide intermediate: the tetrafluorobenzene nucleus can give pesticides weather resistance and long-lasting effects, and the nitrile group can be derived to generate special functions such as insecticide and weed control, which is especially a high-efficiency and low-toxic research and development tool.
Third, it is an electronic material: due to the hydrophobicity and heat resistance of fluorine, it is suitable for the synthesis of special monomers, liquid crystal intermediates, and modified compounds for displays, which helps it have excellent photoelectric properties and long-lasting use.
Fourth, functional polymer synthesis: This product is the forerunner of fluorinated polymers, which can be continuously polymerized and modified to become materials with excellent corrosion resistance, solvent resistance, and weather resistance. It is widely used in coatings, membrane materials, electrical insulation, etc.
What are the physical properties of 2,3,4,5-tetrafluorobenzonitrile?
2,3,4,5-Tetrafluorobenzonitrile is a white or slightly yellow crystalline powder, which looks like frost and snow, with a pure texture and a faint crystal light.
It is very stable, with a melting point of about 62 to 64 degrees (Celsius), indicating that it is tightly crystalline, solid at room temperature, and gradually dissolved when heated. It is soluble in many organic solvents, such as dichloromethane and acetonitrile, but it does not like water and is repellent to water, revealing its hydrophobic nature.
Its molecular weight is 180.08 (g/mol), with a low vapor pressure, and it is not easy to volatilize under normal conditions. It has a light smell and is less irritating. The density is about 1.5 (g/cm³), indicating that it is heavier than water and there is no risk of dissipation during storage and transportation.
The tetrafluoroethylene is tightly arranged on the benzene ring, which makes the molecular electrical distribution special, showing high oil repellency, chemical resistance, and heat resistance, suitable for intermediate synthesis in harsh environments.
Is 2,3,4,5-tetrafluorobenzonitrile chemically stable?
2,3,4,5-Tetrafluorobenzonitrile is very stable. It does not self-ignite or explode at room temperature and pressure. It is not easy to decompose when it encounters acid or alkali. It can resist corrosion by many strong acids, strong bases and oxidants.
Although it can be catalyzed by special catalysts and high temperature conditions to induce coupling, addition or reduction reactions, this is not caused by ordinary environments and requires the skillful chemists to use sophisticated means to achieve it.
In addition, its hydrophobic and oleophobic properties make it difficult to be compatible with polar media such as water and alcohol. It is often used as an inert intermediate to prepare for the subsequent fine introduction of functional groups.
What are the synthesis methods of 2,3,4,5-tetrafluorobenzonitrile?
To make 2,3,4,5-tetrafluorobenzonitrile, you must first prepare the skeleton of the tetrafluorobenzene ring, and then use the skillful hands of cyanidation to obtain this treasure.
First, the starting material: select tetrafluorobenzene and its derivative halogenated products, such as 2,3,4,5-tetrafluorobromobenzene, and prepare pure reagents.
Second, cyanidation reaction: use sodium cyanide, copper cyanide or potassium cyanide as the cyanide source, assisted by a copper catalyst, in a suitable solvent such as DMF (N,N-dimethylformamide), slowly heat at medium-high temperature (80 to 120 degrees) to replace the bromine atom with a cyanide group, and then form tetrafluorobenzonitrile.
Third, reaction monitoring: observe the progress of the reaction, often use thin layer chromatography and gas chromatography to test its purity to ensure complete conversion of halogenation.
Fourth, purification process: after the reaction, cool, add water to wash away inorganic salts, then extract with an organic solvent, concentrate and crystallize, and then purify with recrystallization to obtain pure 2,3,4,5-tetrafluorobenzonitrile.
Fifth day: Quality inspection and storage: Confirm the structure through nuclear magnetic resonance and infrared spectroscopy, store in a sealed and dry place, away from moisture and light for future use.
What are the precautions for storing and transporting 2,3,4,5-tetrafluorobenzonitrile?
First, the storage place should be a cool and dry place, away from direct sunlight, high temperature and humidity. The container should be sealed, and it is advisable to use corrosion-resistant sealed bottles and cans to prevent air moisture from invading and changing its properties.
Second, the environment should be ventilated. The warehouse should be unobstructed and no harmful gases should be accumulated. Fire and explosion prevention measures are necessary. Keep away from open flames and high-temperature objects to prepare for unexpected changes.
Third, be careful when transporting. Do not collide or fall to avoid damage to the container and leakage. The transporters need to wear protective equipment, such as gloves and masks, to prevent direct contact.
Fourth, the transport vehicle should be a vehicle with good sealing and good seismic performance. It should be protected from high temperature and rain during the journey. It is necessary to comply with the transportation regulations of dangerous goods, and prepare labels and emergency equipment.
Fifth, emergency response for leakage. If leakage occurs accidentally, quickly cover it with an inert adsorbent and clean it up in a centralized manner to avoid water pollution. The operator must immediately stay away and ventilate.
Sixth, waste disposal. Do not discard it at will. It should be properly handled in accordance with environmental protection laws and regulations to prevent environmental damage.