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What are the main uses of ammonium fluoride?
The main purpose of chemical processing is to remove water and raw materials. Its activity, when exposed to water, is strong, and it can be released, so it can be used in many fields such as chemical synthesis to develop its function.
In the field of chemical synthesis, chemical processing is often used to remove trace amounts of water in the solution. Some soluble materials such as ether, tetrafuran, etc., often need to be removed if they want to obtain high purity. The reaction of chemical water is:\ (CaH_ {2} + 2H_ {2} O = Ca (OH) _ {2} + 2H_ {2}\ uparrow\), which can effectively remove the water in the solution and ensure the benefit of the reaction. Due to the high sensitivity of water, the presence of water may reduce the reaction rate and increase the secondary reaction rate.
Furthermore, the reaction rate can also be used as a source. In a specific chemical compound, atoms can be provided to make the chemical reaction of the compound. For example, some carbonyl-containing compounds, under the action of the reaction, can be the alcohol compound of the original phase. This process, the activity of the chemical in the process, can be transferred to the original substance by its own daughter, and the transformation of the chemical.
In addition, in the fields of metallurgy and other fields, the chemical is also useful. It can be used as an oxygen source to remove trace amounts of oxygen in the gold melt and improve the quality of the metal. Because oxygen is used in the metallurgical process or causes the performance of gold to deteriorate, and the oxygen is reversed, it can fix the oxygen and avoid the adverse effects caused by its gold.
What are the physical and chemical properties of the reagent ammonium fluoride?
Mercury, also known as mercury, is a common liquid metal. It has many unique physical and chemical properties and has applications in many ancient fields described in Tiangong Kaiwu.
The physical properties of mercury are quite remarkable. At room temperature, it is liquid and has very good fluidity, resembling smart water. This property makes it easy to pour and transfer, providing convenience in many operations. Its surface tension is high, and the mercury beads formed are round and full, just like pearls and jade in the sky. At the same time, the density of mercury is quite high, reaching 13.59 grams/cubic centimeter, which is about 13.6 times that of water, and it feels heavy. Its melting point is -38.87 ° C, and its boiling point is 356.6 ° C. The melting point is very low, so it is liquid at room temperature; the boiling point is relatively high, and it is not easy to boil and evaporate under normal heating conditions.
The chemical properties of mercury also have their own characteristics. Mercury has certain chemical stability and reacts slowly with oxygen at room temperature. However, when heated, mercury can react with oxygen to form mercury oxide, that is, "Mercury will fly when it is exposed to fire, and I don't know where to go. Gai Huoshen can make iron but not mercury. If it changes its essence, after frying, the mercury body will remain intact." Mercury can dissolve a variety of metals and form amalgams. This property is widely used in ancient metallurgy and alchemy, such as "Where silver and copper combine to form copper and silver. When combined with lead, it will form lead and silver. When combined with mercury, it will form mercury and silver." The formation of amalgams often helps to extract or separate metals.
Although mercury is a metal, it does not have the typical metallic luster and texture like iron and copper. Its liquid state is very different from the solid state of common metals. This unique property makes it play a special role in many ancient crafts and experiments. It was paid attention to and studied by the ancients and left a unique imprint in the development of traditional science and technology.
What are the precautions for storing and transporting reagent ammonium fluoride?
In order to store and transport caustic soda solution, all the precautions need to be detailed. Caustic soda solution is highly corrosive, and when it is stored and transported, the first heavy container material should be used. Special metal containers, such as iron and steel, should be used. When iron and steel encounter caustic soda solution, a dense oxide film can be formed on the surface, which can prevent further corrosion. However, aluminum containers should not be used, because aluminum can react with caustic soda solution and cause damage to the container.
Storage and transportation containers must be tightly sealed. If exposed to air, caustic soda solution easily absorbs moisture and reacts with carbon dioxide, causing it to deteriorate. The reaction formula is: $2NaOH + CO_ {2} = Na_ {2} CO_ {3} + H_ {2} O $, so sealing is necessary to ensure its purity.
Furthermore, temperature is also the key. When storing and transporting caustic soda solution, the temperature should not be too high. Under high temperature, caustic soda will aggravate the corrosion of the container, and may cause the solution to evaporate and the reaction rate to accelerate. On the contrary, if the temperature is too low, the solution may freeze and burst the container. Usually it should be kept at room temperature.
When handling, be careful. Because caustic soda solution is highly corrosive, if it is accidentally splashed, it will touch the person, which can cause skin burns, severe disfigurement and even endanger life. Therefore, the handler must wear protective equipment, such as corrosion-resistant protective clothing, gloves, goggles, etc.
In addition, the logo is indispensable. On the storage and transportation container, the words "caustic soda solution, strong corrosion" should be clearly marked to make it clear to others and prevent accidents. In short, when the caustic soda solution is stored and transported, the material, seal, temperature, handling, and identification should not be ignored to ensure safe storage and transportation.
What are the hazards of ammonium fluoride to human health?
"Tiangong Kaiwu" says: "There are moraine stones in the world, which are like soil and hard, like stone and broken, and the cave soil is several feet long. The iron seedlings outside are chiseled into the mountain by the people and the earth as a hole, and they are taken more than ten feet across." Today's discussion of alum lead, its harm to human health, cannot be ignored.
The alum of lead is the product of lead's alation. Lead is a toxic substance, and it is much damaged in the human body. After alum, its nature may change, but the toxicity has not decreased, but the harm is increased.
If alum lead enters the human body, it will first harm the viscera. Lead poisoning accumulates in the liver, the liver's drainage is abnormal, the qi and blood are not smooth, and people are yellow and thin, and they are exhausted. Accumulated in the kidney, the kidney's toxin filtering function is damaged, the light case is frequent urination and urgent urination, and the serious case is kidney failure, which endangers life.
And alum dissolves lead to injure the brain. The human brain is the palace of the gods, and lead poisoning enters the brain, disturbing its gods. Children suffer from it, mental development is retarded, and they often appear dementia. Adults get it, memory is impaired, they are in a trance, and even they are crazy.
And alum dissolves lead to hinder bone growth. Bone depends on calcium to be strong, lead and calcium have similar chemical properties. After entering the body, calcium is often deposited in the bone, causing bone softness, easy to break and fragile, especially for the elderly, who accidentally fall and become seriously injured.
Furthermore, alum and lead harm the blood. Blood nourishes the body, lead poison enters the blood, red blood cells are destroyed, qi and blood are deficient, the complexion is pale, and the heart palpitates and shortness of breath.
Although the ancients did not elaborate on the harm of alum and lead, they pushed it based on the nature of lead, and its harm was great. Today's people should avoid alum and lead like tigers and wolves to prevent its harm from affecting themselves and protect their health.
What is the preparation method of reagent ammonium fluoride?
To make a caustic soda solution, the method is as follows:
First take an appropriate amount of salt, place it in a kettle, and add water to dissolve it. The water needs to be clean and free, so that the salt can be fully melted into it to form a uniform salt solution.
Then, direct current is passed through the solution. When powering on, pay attention to the choice of electrodes. The anode should be an inert electrode, such as graphite; the cathode can be made of iron and other materials. Current passes through the solution and an electrochemical reaction occurs. At the anode, chloride ions lose electrons and become chlorine gas to escape; at the cathode, water molecules gain electrons, generating hydrogen and hydroxide ions.
As the reaction proceeds, hydroxide ions in the solution gradually increase, and then form a sodium hydroxide solution. However, in this process, the collection of chlorine and hydrogen also needs to be done properly. Chlorine is toxic and should not be allowed to escape into the air. It should be collected or treated with suitable equipment. Hydrogen is flammable and should be treated with caution to avoid exposure to open flames.
After the reaction is completed, a caustic soda solution can be obtained. However, the solution at this time or containing impurities can be further purified by filtration, evaporation, etc. according to specific needs to meet the required purity standards before it can be applied to different uses.
