Hydrogen Fluoride

Duxiu Chemical

Specifications

HS Code	685148
Chemical Formula	HF
Molar Mass	20.0063 g/mol
Appearance	Colorless gas or liquid
Odor	Pungent, irritating
Density	0.987 g/cm³ (liquid at 25°C)
Melting Point	-83.6°C
Boiling Point	19.5°C
Solubility In Water	Miscible, forms hydrofluoric acid
Acidity	Weak acid in dilute solutions
Corrosiveness	Highly corrosive to many materials
Electronegativity Of Elements	High (F is very electronegative)

As an accredited Hydrogen Fluoride factory, we enforce strict quality protocols—every batch undergoes rigorous testing to ensure consistent efficacy and safety standards.

Packing & Storage

Packing	Hydrogen Fluoride in 50 - liter drums, safely packaged for chemical storage.
Storage	Hydrogen fluoride is a highly corrosive and toxic chemical. It should be stored in containers made of materials like Teflon or certain grades of stainless steel. These containers must be in a cool, well - ventilated area, away from heat sources and incompatible substances. The storage area should be designated and monitored to prevent leaks and ensure safety.
Shipping	Hydrogen fluoride is shipped in specialized containers designed to withstand its highly corrosive nature. Transport requires strict compliance with safety regulations, often via dedicated chemical - tanker trucks or railcars for bulk quantities.

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General Information

Historical Development

Hydrofluoric acid is also an important product of chemistry. Its history is long, and at the beginning, people did not know its nature. In the past, all the sages studied chemistry diligently, and gradually gained the secret of hydrofluoric acid.
Ancient scholars saw its abnormality in mineral trials. In recent times, the research has deepened. Begin to use special tools to explore its properties and demonstrate its strong decay ability.
Industry has flourished, and hydrofluoric acid is widely used. In the production of silicon crystals and the etching of glass, it all depends on its work. Although it is risky, the researchers are unremitting, and they use wisdom and skills to control this compound. Over the years, hydrofluoric acid has gradually appeared in the world. It is an important treasure of industry and science. In the progress of the chemical industry, it has great power.

Product Overview

Hydrofluoric acid is one of the chemical substances. It is active and highly corrosive. At room temperature, it is a colorless smoky liquid with a pungent smell.
This substance has a wide range of uses. It can be accurately carved in the art of glass etching, making the glass show exquisite patterns. In the semiconductor manufacturing industry, it is also indispensable to help its fine processing.
However, the harm of hydrofluoric acid should not be underestimated. Touch the skin, the pain is unbearable, and the injury is difficult to heal. If you inhale its volatile gas, it will damage the breathing apparatus and endanger your life.
Therefore, when using hydrofluoric acid, the protection must be thorough. The person who handles it must be well ventilated in front of special protective equipment. Properly handled, the security is complete, so that its benefits can be fully utilized and its harm can be avoided.

Physical & Chemical Properties

Hydrofluoric acid has specific physical and chemical properties. It is a colorless fuming liquid with a pungent odor. In terms of physical properties, the boiling point is quite low, only 19.5 ° C, volatile, and often looks like white mist in the air.
In terms of its chemical properties, it is active and highly corrosive. It can react with many metals, such as iron, which will cause severe reaction and generate corresponding salts. Especially special, it can react with silica, which is a characteristic that its acid does not have. Because it can corrode glass, it is often stored in plastic containers. Hydrofluoric acid is widely used in chemical industry, metallurgy and other fields. However, due to its strong corrosiveness, it must be used with caution and strict procedures to prevent harm.

Technical Specifications & Labeling

Hydrofluoric acid is also a highly corrosive chemical. Its process specifications and identification (product parameters) are the key.
Process Specifications: Hydrofluoric acid is prepared by co-heating fluorite and sulfuric acid. The reaction temperature and the ratio of raw materials need to be strictly controlled. If the temperature is too high, hydrogen fluoride will escape too quickly, which is easy to cause safety problems; if it is too low, the reaction will be slow. The ratio of raw materials is accurate, and the yield and purity can be maintained. The reaction equipment needs to be corrosion-resistant to prevent corrosion and leakage.
Identification (product parameters): In a prominent part of the package, it should be clearly marked with "highly toxic" and "strong corrosion". The marked content, such as industrial grade, is often 40% - 70%, and the analytical purity can reach more than 99%. Indicate the density, boiling point and other parameters to make the user aware of its nature and prevent misuse from causing danger.

Preparation Method

To produce hydrogen fluoride, the raw materials and preparation methods, reaction steps and catalytic mechanisms need to be carefully studied.
Fluorite and sulfuric acid can be used as raw materials. Take pure fluorite (CaF ²), and sulfuric acid (H2O SO) at the appropriate concentration, which are the starting materials.
The preparation method is to grind fluorite and mix it with sulfuric acid in a special container in an appropriate proportion. The reaction steps are as follows: Under heating conditions, CaF -2 and H2O SO undergo a metathesis reaction, and the chemical equation is CaF -2 + H2O SO (concentrated) $\ stackrel {\ triangle }{=\!=\!=}$ Ca SO + 2HF ↑.
Catalytic mechanism Although no additional catalyst is required for this reaction, temperature control is crucial. Moderate heating can accelerate the reaction rate, allowing fluorite to fully interact with sulfuric acid to generate hydrogen fluoride gas. After cooling, impurity removal and other processes, pure hydrogen fluoride products can be obtained.

Chemical Reactions & Modifications

Taste the wonders of chemical industry, it is related to the change of substances. Hydrogen Fluoride is a substance whose transformation and modification are quite important to the world.
The transformation of Hydrogen Fluoride, when combined with various substances, often produces wonderful changes. When it encounters alkali, it neutralizes and converts into salt and water, which is its common property. However, it is co-located with silica and can erode, which is different from the transformation of others.
As for its modification, chemical methods can be used to adjust the structure of its molecules and change its physical properties. Or increase its stability, or change its degree of melting to suit different purposes. For example, in the field of industry, after modification, Hydrogen Fluoride can be used to etch chips and help the electronics industry take off; in the field of medicine, it can become a special agent to treat human diseases.
Therefore, exploring the transformation and modification of Hydrogen Fluoride is of great significance in today's scientific and technological development, and can open up a new path in the future and add luster to the chemical industry.

Synonyms & Product Names

Hydrofluoric acid is also a chemical substance. Its name is different, and it is also known as many in the industry.
Hydrofluoric acid, or fluoric acid, is a common name. Its unique nature, strong corrosive, and widely used in various industrial fields. It is also called hydrogen fluoride solution, because it is dissolved in water by hydrogen fluoride gas.
It is sold in the city, and it also has another name. Businesses use it for convenience, or take another name to name it. However, its essence is the genus of hydrofluoric acid. This chemical product is indispensable in metallurgy, chemical industry, electronics, etc. Although its names are different, its physical properties are the same. We should carefully observe its characteristics and make good use of it to avoid its harm and gain its benefits.

Safety & Operational Standards

"Code of Safety and Operation of Hydrofluoric Acid Products"
Hydrofluoric acid is a highly corrosive chemical. It is widely used in many industrial fields, but it also poses great risks. Therefore, it is essential to understand its safety and operation standards.
In terms of safety, the first protection. Those involved in hydrofluoric acid operations must wear special protective clothing, such as corrosion-resistant protective clothing, gloves, and protective masks to prevent hydrofluoric acid from splashing on the body surface, entering the eyes, or inhaling. Because it can quickly penetrate the skin, invade deep tissues, cause severe pain and difficult-to-heal injuries, or even endanger life.
When storing, choose a cool, dry, well-ventilated place away from fire and heat sources. Serve it in a corrosion-resistant container with a prominent warning mark. During handling, be sure to handle it with care to prevent leakage of hydrofluoric acid due to damaged packaging.
Operating specifications should not be ignored. Before use, read the operating instructions carefully and familiarize yourself with the process. The operation should be carried out in a fume hood to remove harmful gases. If it is accidentally splashed, rinse it with a lot of water quickly, and then send it to the hospital for emergency treatment according to the injury.
Furthermore, the staff needs to be professionally trained to understand its hazard characteristics and emergency response methods. Enterprises should also prepare perfect emergency rescue equipment and plans to deal with emergencies.
In short, although hydrofluoric acid is a good industrial agent, its harm should not be underestimated. Only by strictly adhering to safety and operating standards can we avoid disasters and ensure the safety of production and the well-being of personnel.

Application Area

Hydrofluoric acid is also an important product for chemical production. It is widely used and has significant power in various domains.
In the field of metallurgy, hydrofluoric acid can dissolve various substances in the ore, so that gold can be separated and refined. If it is in the ore of bauxite, it can help the separation of aluminum and improve its purity.
In the manufacture of glass ware, it is also indispensable. With its glass-etching properties, it can engrave the pattern of the glass ware, increase its beauty, and the glass ware is very delicate.
In the industry of electronics, when chips are manufactured, hydrofluoric acid can etch silicon wafers, regulate their shape and structure, and lay the foundation for the fine fabrication of electronic components.
Although hydrofluoric acid is highly toxic and corrosive, it is of great significance to make good use of it in the development of industry and science and technology.

Research & Development

In the field of chemical industry, there is a thing called Hydrogen Fluoride. Its unique nature is quite important for the research and use of it.
At the beginning, everyone's understanding of it was still shallow, and only a little bit of it was corrosive. However, Zhu Xian worked tirelessly to investigate its reaction mechanism and explore its combination method. After years of work, it gradually became clear that it can interact with a variety of substances, and it shines brightly in the art of etching glass.
After that, the researchers thought more about expanding its use. To make it in the field of material synthesis, it is very effective. So carefully blended and tested repeatedly, hoping to use its characteristics to make new materials to meet the needs of the time. In this process, despite encountering many difficulties, they all moved forward with perseverance and unremitting attitude. In the future, Hydrogen Fluoride can create a new chapter for the progress and development of the research industry, and help everything flourish.

Toxicity Research

The nature of things is related to the safety of people's livelihood and cannot be ignored. Today there is Hydrogen Fluoride, which is strong and poisonous.
I have devoted myself to research, Hydrogen Fluoride is a disaster because of its strong corrosiveness and toxicity. In the industrial process, if it is not well protected and escapes from the outside, it will hurt the skin, erode the muscles and bones, enter the lungs, and cause illnesses to be invisible.
Looking at its toxicology, it can destroy the structure of human cells and disrupt the order of physiology. When it touches its qi, the mouth, nose and throat are burning, and even the breathing is distressed; when it touches its liquid, the skin is festering and difficult to heal.
Therefore, the toxicity of this substance is studied to understand its harm, and good measures are taken to prevent it. Workers are careful to operate, and those who live far from their sources. In this way, they can ensure that everyone is born healthy and avoid the harm of poisons.

Future Prospects

Hydrogen Fluoride is widely used today, and it is involved in all things industrial. Although it has considerable effect today, but our generation looks to the future, there are still many areas for expansion.
It is expected that in the future, it will definitely be able to improve in the preparation of materials. Or new techniques can be developed to make materials more advantageous, and it will shine in the fields of aerospace and electronics. And in the field of energy, Hydrogen Fluoride may help the rise of new energy, which is the key to energy storage and solves the current energy dilemma.
Furthermore, in the case of environmental protection, it is also expected to use the power of Hydrogen Fluoride to find ways to clean production, reduce pollution and protect the environment. The future is full of unknowns, but I firmly believe that Hydrogen Fluoride will be able to contribute to the progress of the world, build upon unfinished business, and achieve high expectations.

Where to Buy Hydrogen Fluoride in China?

As a trusted Hydrogen Fluoride manufacturer, we deliver: Factory-Direct Value: Competitive pricing with no middleman markups, tailored for bulk orders and project-scale requirements. Technical Excellence: Precision-engineered solutions backed by R&D expertise, from formulation to end-to-end delivery. Whether you need industrial-grade quantities or specialized customizations, our team ensures reliability at every stage—from initial specification to post-delivery support.

Frequently Asked Questions

As a leading Hydrogen Fluoride supplier, we deliver high-quality products across diverse grades to meet evolving needs, empowering global customers with safe, efficient, and compliant chemical solutions.

What are the main uses of Hydrogen Fluoride?

Hydrogen reacts with fluorine gas to form hydrogen fluoride, which is of great use in many fields.
In industrial production, hydrogen fluoride is a key raw material for the preparation of fluorinated compounds. For example, many fluorinated plastics, such as polytetrafluoroethylene, are widely used in chemical and electronic industries due to their excellent corrosion resistance and low friction coefficient. And hydrogen fluoride is an indispensable starting material for the preparation of such fluorinated plastics. In addition, in the smelting of aluminum, cryolite (sodium fluoroaluminate) as a flux can greatly reduce the melting point of alumina, thereby reducing the energy consumption of smelting. Hydrogen fluoride is often used in the preparation of cryolite.
In the electronics industry, hydrogen fluoride plays a pivotal role. In the semiconductor manufacturing process, it is used to etch materials such as silicon wafers. By precisely controlling the etching process, the microstructure of semiconductor devices can be precisely shaped, and then the miniaturization and high performance of electronic components can be achieved, which has promoted the development of electronic chips and other products to smaller sizes and higher performance.
In scientific research and exploration, hydrogen fluoride also has unique applications. Due to its strong acidity and strong corrosiveness, in the surface modification experiments of some special materials, hydrogen fluoride can be used to precisely control the chemical composition and microstructure of the surface of the material, enabling researchers to deeply explore the surface properties of the material and develop new functional materials.
In addition, in the field of medical chemistry, fluorinated drugs are increasingly attracting attention. Many fluorinated drugs exhibit unique pharmacological activity and metabolic stability. As an important raw material for the synthesis of fluorinated drug intermediates, hydrogen fluoride is of great significance for the development of innovative drugs.

What are the Physical Properties of Hydrogen Fluoride?

The compound of hydrogen and fluoride is hydrogen fluoride (HF). This substance has unique physical properties, which are described as follows:
Hydrogen fluoride is a colorless gas with a strong pungent odor under normal conditions. It is highly soluble in water, and its aqueous solution is hydrofluoric acid. Its boiling point is quite low, about 19.5 ° C. This is due to the existence of hydrogen bonds between hydrogen fluoride molecules, which enhances the force between molecules. However, compared with substances such as water, the number of hydrogen bonds is relatively small, so the boiling point is not as high as water.
Hydrogen fluoride gas has a slightly higher density than air. Under standard conditions, its density is about 1.27 g/L. Its melting point is -83.3 ° C, and it is easy to condense into a liquid in a low temperature environment.
Hydrofluoric acid, as an aqueous solution of hydrogen fluoride, is particularly acidic. Although it is a weak acid, it is highly corrosive and can react with a variety of metals, metal oxides and silicates. For example, it can corrode glass, which makes it widely used in glass etching and other fields. The reaction principle is that hydrofluoric acid reacts with silica, the main component in glass, to form gaseous silicon tetrafluoride and water.
In addition, hydrogen fluoride has strong hygroscopicity, and it is easy to absorb moisture when exposed to air to form acid mist. Because of its strong irritating odor, it has serious irritation and corrosive effects on the human respiratory tract, eyes and skin. Strict protective measures must be taken during operation. In conclusion, hydrogen fluoride is widely used in many fields due to its special physical properties, but it is also highly corrosive and toxic, requiring extreme caution when used.

Chemical Properties of Hydrogen Fluoride

Hydrogen (Hydrogen) and fluoride (Fluoride) are involved in hydrogen fluoride (Hydrogen Fluoride). The combination of the two has different properties and has many characteristics.
Hydrogen fluoride is a gas under normal conditions, but it is very easy to liquefy. This substance is highly corrosive and can erode many materials, such as glass. If you accidentally touch it, it will cause great harm to the human body, causing severe pain and ulceration in the skin. If it enters the eye, the consequences will be unimaginable. Its corrosiveness is due to the activity of fluoride ions, which have strong affinity to various substances, so it can react with many substances and cause structural damage.
Hydrogen fluoride has excellent solubility in water, and can ionize hydrogen ions and fluoride ions. Its aqueous solution is called hydrofluoric acid, which is acidic. Although its acidity is not as strong as strong acid, due to the characteristics of fluoride ions, hydrofluoric acid can react with silica and other substances, which makes it used in glass etching and other processes.
Furthermore, hydrogen fluoride is toxic. Inhalation of hydrogen fluoride gas can cause serious irritation to the respiratory tract, causing symptoms such as cough and breathing difficulties, and even life-threatening conditions such as pulmonary edema. Its toxicity stems from the interference of fluorine on the metabolism of human cells, affecting the activities of various enzymes, and then destroying normal physiological functions. Due to its highly corrosive and toxic properties, when handling and using hydrogen fluoride-related substances, it is necessary to follow strict safety procedures and take protective measures to avoid danger.

What are the safety precautions for Hydrogen Fluoride during use?

Hydrogen and fluorine are both dangerous substances, and their chemical reactions are very severe. During use, many safety matters must be paid attention to.
Bear the brunt, the device must be tight and not leak. Hydrogen and fluorine are both highly diffusive, and will escape if there is a slight gap. If hydrogen leaks, it will explode instantly in case of open flame or high heat energy, which is amazing; fluorine leaks, its toxicity is very serious. If inhaled a little, it will seriously damage the respiratory tract, causing breathing difficulties, pulmonary edema, etc., and even life-threatening. Therefore, before the experiment or production, the airtightness of the device must be repeatedly checked to ensure that there is no omission.
Furthermore, the reaction environment temperature and pressure must be precisely controlled. The hydrofluoride reaction is a violent exothermic reaction. If the temperature rises sharply and the pressure goes out of control, it is easy to cause an explosion. It is necessary to be equipped with sophisticated temperature control and pressure control devices, real-time monitoring and regulation, so that the reaction can proceed smoothly within safe parameters.
Operator protection is also crucial. It is necessary to wear special protective clothing. This clothing has excellent protective properties against hydrofluoric acid, etc., which can prevent its corrosion and penetration. At the same time, wear a professional gas mask to ensure the safety of breathing and protection from fluorine gas.
In addition, complete emergency facilities should be equipped near the reaction site. Such as fire extinguishing devices to deal with hydrogen explosion; eye washers and spray devices, if accidentally exposed to hydrofluoric acid, can be washed in time to reduce injuries.
And when operating, must not act rashly, should strictly follow the established procedures and norms. Familiarize yourself with the reaction characteristics and latent risks, and formulate a comprehensive plan, so as to ensure the safety of the use process and avoid tragedies.

What are the Preparation Methods of Hydrogen Fluoride

To make hydrogen fluoride, there are two ancient methods. First, fluorite and sulfuric acid are co-heated. Fluorite is also calcium fluoride. Take an appropriate amount of fluorite and grind it into a powder and put it in a lead dish. Because lead and hydrofluoric acid react very slowly, the utensils can be guaranteed. Sulfuric acid also needs to be pure, slowly inject it into the lead dish and mix it with fluorite powder. Then, heat the lead dish with a slight fire. The reaction formula is: CaF ² + H ² SO (concentrated) \ (\ stackrel {\ triangle }{=\!=\!=}\) Ca SO + 2HF ↑. Hydrogen fluoride gas is generated, exported in a lead tube, and introduced into a cold trap for condensation and collection.
Second, electrolysis of anhydrous potassium hydrogen fluoride (KHF ²). Pure anhydrous potassium hydrogen fluoride is first prepared and placed in a special electrolytic cell. The electrolytic cell needs to be made of a material resistant to hydrogen fluoride corrosion, such as a nickel electrolytic cell. Graphite is used as an electrode and direct current is passed. At the anode, fluorine ions lose electrons to generate fluorine gas; at the cathode, hydrogen ions gain electrons to generate hydrogen gas. And potassium hydrogen fluoride continuously replenishes the consumed hydrogen fluoride during the electrolysis process. The reaction formula is: 2KHF ²\ (\ stackrel {electrolytic }{=\!=\!=}\) 2KF + H ² ↑ + F ³ ↑, the generated hydrogen fluoride gas is collected, and pure hydrogen fluoride can be obtained after drying and other treatments. Of these two methods, the former is more convenient, while the latter can make high-purity ones, each with their own strengths, depending on their needs.