Erbium Trifluoride

Aluminum trichloride has a wide range of uses and is used in various fields.
First, in the field of organic synthesis, aluminum trichloride is a very important catalyst. It can be used in the Fu-gram reaction, which plays a significant role in the alkylation and acylation of aromatics. If you want to synthesize alkyl aromatics from aromatics and halogenated hydrocarbons, or make aromatics and acyl halides to obtain aromatic ketones, aluminum trichloride can play a big role in promoting the smooth progress of the reaction and improving the reaction rate and yield. Looking at the ancient books of organic synthesis, there are many books on its effectiveness, which help organic chemists obtain many exquisite compounds.
Second, in the petrochemical industry, aluminum trichloride is also indispensable. In the process of oil cracking and reforming, it can be used as a catalyst to optimize the quality and performance of oil products. It can crack hydrocarbons of macromolecules into small molecules, making petroleum products more suitable for industrial and life needs. In the process of oil refining, its catalytic power cannot be underestimated, which is related to the quality of oil products. It is also like the ancient craftsmen, who skillfully apply their skills to make materials into good products.
Third, in the field of dyes and pharmaceutical manufacturing, aluminum trichloride also has wonderful uses. In dye synthesis, it can help build the specific structure of dye molecules, giving dyes a bright color and good fastness. In the synthesis of medicine, it can catalyze key reaction steps, assist medical chemists in creating new drugs, and seek well-being for human health, just like a doctor's medicine, precise treatment.
Fourth, in water treatment, aluminum trichloride can be used as a flocculant. It can make the suspended particles in the water coagulate and settle, and purify the water quality. In case of turbidity in the water, an appropriate amount of aluminum trichloride can make the water clear gradually, ensure the safety of people's water, and it is a good strategy for treating water. It can be seen that aluminum trichloride plays an important role in many fields such as organic synthesis, petrochemical, dye medicine, and water treatment. Its contribution is indispensable, and it has far-reaching impact on industrial production and practical life.

Ferric trichloride is a common chemical substance with unique physical properties. Its shape is usually black-brown crystal, its appearance is quite special, the crystal shape is regular, and it occasionally shines in sunlight, just like a treasure hidden in the dark, inadvertently revealing a shimmer.
When it comes to the melting point, the melting point of ferric trichloride is about 306 ° C. At this temperature, it gradually melts from a solid state to a liquid state, just like ice and snow meeting the warm sun, quietly changing its form. The boiling point is about 316 ° C. At this high temperature, it turns into a gaseous state and escapes.
Solubility is also one of its important physical properties. Ferric trichloride is very soluble in water, and when thrown into water, it instantly disappears like ice and snow into a lake, quickly disappearing and turning into a solution. And when dissolved in water, it is often accompanied by heat release, and the water warms up slightly, as if to tell the enthusiasm of integration. It also has good solubility in organic solvents such as ethanol and acetone, and can blend with many organic reagents, just like friends gathering, in harmony.
The density of ferric chloride is greater than that of water, so it is placed in water, such as a stone sinking abyss, and sinks directly. In addition, its hygroscopicity is quite strong, like a greedy sponge, it can quickly absorb water vapor in the air, and the surface is gradually damp. If it is not properly stored, it is very easy to deteriorate due to moisture absorption.
Looking at its color, it is black-brown when solid, but when dissolved in water, the solution often appears yellow-brown, just like the color of the autumn sunset, and like the bronze that has been deposited over the years. The color is unique and has a charm. This kind of physical property makes ferric chloride widely used in many fields such as chemical industry, medicine, water treatment, etc., like a master key, opening the door to many industrial applications.

The chemical properties of bismuth trichloride are not stable. Bismuth trichloride changes in contact with water, and the reaction of hydrolysis occurs quickly, resulting in the precipitation of bismuth oxychloride. This hydrolysis is due to the large charge number of bismuth (ⅲ) ions, the relatively large radius, and the strong polarization force, which can cause the electron cloud of oxygen atoms in the water molecule to be biased towards bismuth ions, causing the O-H bond of water to be disturbed and broken, and then hydrolysis. The reaction formula for hydrolysis is as follows: BiCl 🥰 + H2O O BiOCl? + 2HCl.
Looking at it in the air, it will not be peaceful. Because the air often contains a little water vapor, bismuth trichloride is exposed to this, that is, gradually hydrolyzed, causing its surface to be covered with a white film of bismuth oxychloride.
Furthermore, bismuth trichloride reacts violently when it encounters alkali. When hydroxide ions meet bismuth (ⅲ) ions in the alkali solution, bismuth hydroxide precipitates first. If the alkali content is sufficient, bismuth hydroxide reacts with hydroxide to form bismuthate.
Bismuth trichloride has certain oxidizing properties, and under suitable conditions, it can oxidize some reducing substances. In case of strong reducing agents, bismuth (ⅲ) can be reduced to a low-priced state. Therefore, the chemical properties of bismuth trichloride are active and unstable. When storing and using bismuth trichloride, it is necessary to pay attention to waterproofing, moisture avoidance, and contact with alkalis and reducing agents to ensure that its properties do not suddenly change and avoid unexpected reactions.

There are various ways to prepare aluminum trichloride, let me tell you one by one.
First, the method of direct combination of metal aluminum and chlorine. Take clean metal aluminum and heat it in a chlorine atmosphere. Aluminum reacts violently with chlorine and emits a dazzling light. The chemical equation of this reaction is: $2Al + 3Cl_ {2}\ stackrel {\ Delta }{=\!=\!=} 2AlCl_ {3} $. This method can obtain pure aluminum trichloride, but chlorine is toxic and corrosive. When operating, careful precautions are required to ensure safety, and the sealing requirements of the equipment are quite high.
Second, the method of reacting aluminum with hydrochloric acid. When aluminum is added to dilute hydrochloric acid, bubbles emerge, and the following reaction occurs: $2Al + 6HCl = 2AlCl_ {3} + 3H_ {2}\ uparrow $. After the reaction is completed, aluminum trichloride crystals can be obtained by evaporation, concentration, cooling and crystallization. This method is relatively simple to operate, and the raw materials are easy to obtain. However, the obtained product may contain impurities and needs to be further purified.
Third, the method of co-heating aluminum oxide with coke and chlorine. Alumina and coke are used as raw materials and heated together with chlorine gas. In this process, coke is used as a reducing agent, and the reaction is as follows: $Al_ {2} O_ {3} + 3C + 3Cl_ {2}\ stackrel {\ Delta }{=\!=\! =} 2AlCl_ {3} + 3CO $. This method can use raw materials such as bauxite, and the cost is relatively low. However, the reaction conditions are more harsh, requiring a high temperature environment, and the carbon monoxide produced is a toxic gas, which needs to be properly handled to prevent pollution of the environment.
Fourth, the method of metathesis reaction. For example, the reaction of soluble aluminum salts (such as aluminum sulfate) with soluble chlorides (such as barium chloride): $Al_ {2} (SO_ {4}) _ {3} + 3BaCl_ {2} = 2AlCl_ {3} + 3BaSO_ {4}\ downarrow $. Remove the barium sulfate precipitation by filtration, and then after subsequent treatment, aluminum trichloride solution or crystal can be obtained. This method is relatively mild, but attention should be paid to the selection of raw materials and the separation and purification of products to ensure the purity of aluminum trichloride.

The price of ferric trichloride in the market often varies depending on the purity of the quality and the supply and demand of the market. In today's cities, the price is about 2 yuan to 10 yuan per kilogram.
If its quality is pure and it is a refined product relied on by chemical experiments and high-end industries, the price will tend to be higher. To cover such products, the production needs to be refined and strict, so its price may be 8 yuan to 10 yuan per kilogram.
However, for ordinary water treatment, pigment dyeing, etc., the required ferric trichloride does not have to be very pure, and its price is cheap. In the market, such products are mostly 2 yuan to 5 yuan per kilogram.
In addition, the supply and demand of the market are also the main reasons for the price. If there are many people who need it, but the supply is not enough, the price will rise; if the supply exceeds the demand, the price will decline. If you are in a place where industry is prosperous, and there are many water treatment agents, ferric chloride needs to be large, and its price may rise slightly; in areas where there is less demand, the price may be slightly lower.
Furthermore, the amount purchased is also related to the price. If you buy in bulk, the business may benefit because of the quantity, and the price will also drop. Therefore, if you want to know the exact price, you should carefully check the quality, market conditions and purchase quantity.