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What are the main uses of 4-Chlorobenzenesulfonyl Fluoride?
4-Chlorobenzenesulfonyl fluoride has a wide range of uses. In the field of organic synthesis, it is often used as a key reagent. First, it is used to prepare various sulfonamide compounds. During the reaction, its sulfonyl fluoride group has good activity and can react smoothly with many compounds containing amino groups to form sulfonamides. The reaction conditions are relatively mild and the yield is relatively considerable. The sulfonamide compounds prepared have important uses in medicine, pesticides and materials science.
In the field of medicine, many drug molecules contain sulfonamide fragments. Through the reaction of 4-chlorobenzenesulfonyl fluoride, such compounds can be synthesized, and new drugs with unique pharmacological activities can be developed. For example, some antibacterial and anti-inflammatory drugs may be used in the synthesis of this reagent.
In the field of pesticides, sulfonamide derivatives may have good insecticidal and herbicidal activities. By preparing related compounds through 4-chlorobenzenesulfonyl fluoride, high-efficiency, low-toxicity and environmentally friendly new pesticide varieties have been developed to help agricultural production.
Second, 4-chlorobenzenesulfonyl fluoride can be used to synthesize sulfonate compounds. React with alcohols under suitable conditions to form sulfonates. Sulfonates are also important intermediates in organic synthesis and can participate in a variety of organic reactions, such as nucleophilic substitution reactions, to build more complex organic molecular structures.
Third, 4-chlorobenzenesulfonyl fluoride can also play a role in material surface modification. It can react with certain groups on the surface of the material to change the chemical and physical properties of the material surface, such as improving the hydrophilicity and anti-fouling properties of the material, expanding the application range of materials in different fields, such as in the surface treatment of textiles, plastics and other materials.
What are the physical properties of 4-Chlorobenzenesulfonyl Fluoride?
4-Chlorobenzenesulfonyl fluoride is an important compound in organic chemistry. Its physical properties are worth exploring.
First of all, its physical state, under normal temperature and pressure, 4-chlorobenzenesulfonyl fluoride is mostly colorless to light yellow liquid, and it looks clear, like the radiance of morning dew. It has a certain volatility and can gradually dissipate in the air, such as the curl of light smoke.
Times and boiling point, about 240-242 ° C. At this temperature, the liquid will turn into a gaseous state and rise. The value of boiling point is related to its phase change in a specific environment. This is a key parameter in the process of industrial separation and purification.
Furthermore, when it comes to its melting point, it is usually around -27 ° C. At this low temperature, the liquid will solidify into a solid state, such as water forming ice on a cold night. The characteristics of the melting point also affect its storage and transportation conditions.
The density of 4-chlorobenzenesulfonyl fluoride is about 1.48 g/cm ³, which is heavier than water. If mixed with water, it will sink underwater, such as stone falling into the abyss.
Its solubility is also an important physical property. In organic solvents, such as ether, dichloromethane, etc., 4-chlorobenzenesulfonyl fluoride has good solubility and can be miscible with it, just like water emulsion; however, in water, its solubility is poor, and the two are difficult to miscible, such as the barrier between oil and water.
In addition, 4-chlorobenzenesulfonyl fluoride has a pungent smell, such as spicy gas entering the nose. This smell is also one end of its physical properties. It warns people to take careful protection during operation to avoid irritating the respiratory tract and eyes.
4-Chlorobenzenesulfonyl the chemistry of Fluoride
4-Chlorobenzenesulfonyl fluoride is an important reagent in organic synthesis. Its chemical properties are unique and interesting.
Looking at its structure, above the benzene ring, the chlorine atom and the sulfonyl fluoride group are on one side. The chlorine atom has a certain electronegativity, which affects the electron cloud distribution of the benzene ring. In the sulfonyl fluoride group, the sulfur atom is in a high valence state, and the fluorine atom is extremely electronegative, resulting in a significant electron-absorbing effect of the group.
In terms of reactivity, the sulfonyl fluoride base is active. First, it can undergo nucleophilic substitution with nucleophilic reagents. In case of hydroxy compounds, fluorine atoms are easily replaced by hydroxyl groups to form sulfonate compounds. This reaction is often used in organic synthesis to form ester bonds to prepare organic esters with specific structures, which is of great significance in the fields of drug synthesis and materials science. Second, when it encounters amino compounds, fluorine atoms will be replaced by amino groups to form sulfonamides. Sulfonamide compounds are widely used in the field of medicine, and many drug molecules contain this structural unit, showing a variety of biological activities.
Furthermore, due to the existence of benzene rings, 4-chlorobenzenesulfonyl fluoride can participate in benzene ring-related reactions. If under specific conditions, electrophilic substitution reactions on benzene rings can occur, and new substituents can be introduced at other positions of benzene rings, thereby expanding their structural diversity and meeting different synthesis needs. The chemical properties of 4-chlorobenzenesulfonyl fluoride make it like a duck to water in the field of organic synthesis, providing an effective way for the construction of many complex organic compounds, and playing an important role in modern chemical research and industrial production.
What is the preparation method of 4-Chlorobenzenesulfonyl Fluoride?
4-Chlorobenzenesulfonyl fluoride, although not directly described in ancient books, can be derived from various chemical methods.
First, 4-chlorobenzenesulfonic acid is used as the starting material, which can be obtained by co-heating chlorobenzene with fuming sulfuric acid and sulfonating. When 4-chlorobenzenesulfonic acid is ready, it can be co-heated with phosphorus pentachloride or phosphorus oxychloride, both of which are excellent chlorination reagents. During the reaction, the hydroxyl group in the sulfonic acid group can be replaced by a chlorine atom, and 4-chlorobenzenesulfonyl chloride is obtained.
After 4-chlorobenzenesulfonyl chloride is obtained, 4-chlorobenzenesulfonyl fluoride can be prepared by reacting 4-chlorobenzenesulfonyl chloride with hydrogen fluoride or metal fluoride (such as potassium fluoride, etc.). Taking potassium fluoride as an example, in a suitable organic solvent, such as dimethylformamide (DMF), heat and stir, the chlorine atom in 4-chlorobenzenesulfonyl chloride can be replaced by a fluorine atom nucleophilic, resulting in 4-chlorobenzenesulfonyl fluoride. When reacting, pay attention to temperature control, and do not make the reaction too dramatic or too slow. If the temperature is too high, or side reactions will occur, and the product will be impure; if the temperature is too low, the reaction rate
Alternatively, chlorobenzene can also be used as the starting material. First, it reacts with sulfuryl chloride in the presence of light or initiator to generate 4-chlorobenzenesulfonyl chloride, and then reacts with fluorination reagents as described above to obtain 4-chlorobenzenesulfonyl fluoride. In this process, the reaction conditions of each step, such as the ratio of reactants, reaction time, and solvent selection, are all related to the yield and purity of the product. Careful treatment is required to prepare 4-chlorobenzenesulfonyl fluoride with higher purity.
What are the precautions for 4-Chlorobenzenesulfonyl Fluoride during use?
4-Chlorobenzenesulfonyl fluoride is a very important chemical substance, and many precautions must be kept in mind during use.
Bear the brunt of it, and safety protection must not be taken lightly. This substance is toxic and corrosive to a certain extent, and contact with the human body can cause burns, damage to the skin, eyes and respiratory tract. Therefore, users must wear protective clothing, such as protective clothing, gloves, and wear goggles and gas masks to prevent contact with all parts of the body. When operating, it should also be ensured that it is in a well-ventilated place, preferably in a fume hood, so that volatile gases can be discharged in time to avoid inhalation.
Furthermore, storage is also important. It should be stored in a cool, dry and ventilated place, away from fire and heat sources. Due to its active chemical properties, it can react violently in contact with water, strong alkalis, etc., so it must be stored separately from such substances to prevent accidents. Storage containers must also be made of corrosion-resistant materials and well sealed to prevent leakage.
During use, accurate operation is essential. When using, be sure to use suitable tools, according to the specified dosage and method, and must not be changed at will. After use, the treatment of residual substances should also be cautious, and they should not be dumped at will. They must follow relevant environmental protection regulations and carry out harmless treatment to avoid pollution to the environment.
In addition, the operator himself should also have the corresponding professional knowledge and skills, familiar with the nature of this substance, hazards and emergency treatment methods. In the event of leakage or other unexpected conditions, measures should be taken quickly and correctly, such as evacuating personnel, cutting off fire sources, and using appropriate plugging materials, etc., to reduce the degree of harm.
In short, the use of 4-chlorobenzenesulfonyl fluoride requires safety, and the precautions in all aspects should not be ignored, so as to ensure the smooth operation and the safety of personnel and the environment.